Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. They are clumps of abnormal protein that build up inside nerve cells in the brain, leading to the death of these cells.

To understand NFTs, it is helpful to first understand the structure of a healthy nerve cell in the brain. Nerve cells are made up of long, thin fibers called axons and dendrites that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the brain. These signals are crucial for functions such as memory, thinking, and movement.

In Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions that cause NFTs, the normal protein building blocks in the brain become altered and form clumps of abnormal protein called tangles. These tangles get tangled up with the normal protein fibers within the nerve cells, leading to the death of these cells. Over time, as more and more nerve cells die, the brain’s functions are severely impacted, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and other symptoms.

The exact cause of NFTs is not yet fully understood, but researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role. For example, age is a risk factor for the development of NFTs, and there is also evidence that certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of developing NFTs and Alzheimer’s disease.

Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for NFTs or the neurodegenerative conditions they are associated with. However, there are treatments available that can help slow the progression of these conditions and manage the symptoms. For example, medications can help improve memory and thinking, and lifestyle changes such as exercise, a healthy diet, and social engagement can help maintain cognitive function for as long as possible.

It is also important for those with a loved one who has NFTs or a neurodegenerative condition to seek support. This can include support groups, counseling, or caregiving services. Caring for someone with NFTs can be physically and emotionally challenging, so it is important to take care of yourself and seek help when needed.

NFTs are a hallmark of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and are caused by the accumulation of abnormal protein within nerve cells in the brain. While there is currently no cure for NFTs or the conditions they are associated with, treatments are available that can help manage the symptoms and slow progression.